PESTLE Analysis of aSports Club - 2001 Words

It is important to recognise the main features that affect a business in view of the macro and micro-environmental factors. Technological change, change in economic climate, natural occurrences and such-like are matters that concern the macro-environment of a business. These external, uncontrollable, influences can and will impact hugely on the success or failure of a business. One of the tools that are applicable in considering these factors is PESTLE. Political; Environmental; Social; Technological; Legal and Economic considerations will need to be engaged in order to prepare the business for macro-environmental influences. For this reason, PESTLE will be the most appropriate tool to use to identify and outline the main†¦show more content†¦Also perhaps advances of mobile phone applications and ease of Internet access. Examples of late sports equipment includes the use of shot clock’s and electronic point’s boards. This new technology will make the game more precise, fair and therefore will increase the quality of it for everyone involved. The advances in mobile phone applications (apps) and internet access means that potential customers will find it easier to note game dates/times etc. as well as find travelling to the stadium less effort with the use of mobile phone satnavs and maps. The easier customers find it to access the business in any form (virtually and physically), is likely to impact on the business in a positive way. Legal Legal factors that may impact on the business would mainly include insurance/health and safety and also the use of drugs during games (by players.) The business must be careful to keep within the laws and regulations that are in place. Closely following guild-lines on insurance and health and safety regulations in order to prevent legal action or any unnecessary monetary loss (through compensation etc.) Drugging/Doping must also be closely monitored in order to ensure that the games played by their players and within their stadium is kept clean and within proper legal conduct. However, according to (Mintel 2013,) doping isn’t likely to be a problem. ‘’However, young athletes were found to be less likely to use

Check Point Personal Philosophy of Education Free Essays

Checkpoint Personal Philosophy of Education Rachel Pearson AED 200 03/16/2013 Dr. Maloney Hunter-Lowe Philosophy of Education The Philosophy of education I would use would be Essentialism education. Essentialism hypothesis tells that there is a general nucleus of talents and information that an educated individual should have. We will write a custom essay sample on Check Point Personal Philosophy of Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now I share the same opinion. I trust that there are certain talents that all people should have. The talents are basic talents however they are the starting point. Talents are building blocks that let children to continue stepping up to the next higher level of education that an individual should have. Instructional Philosophy I would have a behaviorist style in my class. The hypothesis of behaviorist is an educational and psychological hypothesis that states that one’s attitude is revealed by surroundings, not some one’s heredity. I believe that this is very significant because if an individual is in a bad surrounding, then their learning is slowed down by that bad surrounding. If a child is in a good surrounding they are more willing to learn and they absorb the teachings better. Behaviorist or Constructive approach to instruction I personally love the opinion of having Essentialism and Behaviorist merged together. Those two are my personal philosophy in education. Essentialism philosophy and the behaviorist style combined bring out the reality that there are definitely talents required and that the surroundings must be precise for a child’s learning. These opinions will help me supervise my classroom better and assist with my instructional technique. When the four are combined, they will work fine with each other and make me a better teacher. How to cite Check Point Personal Philosophy of Education, Papers Check Point Personal Philosophy of Education Free Essays Checkpoint Personal Philosophy of Education Rachel Pearson AED 200 03/16/2013 Dr. Maloney Hunter-Lowe Philosophy of Education The Philosophy of education I would use would be Essentialism education. Essentialism hypothesis tells that there is a general nucleus of talents and information that an educated individual should have. We will write a custom essay sample on Check Point Personal Philosophy of Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now I share the same opinion. I trust that there are certain talents that all people should have. The talents are basic talents however they are the starting point. Talents are building blocks that let children to continue stepping up to the next higher level of education that an individual should have. Instructional Philosophy I would have a behaviorist style in my class. The hypothesis of behaviorist is an educational and psychological hypothesis that states that one’s attitude is revealed by surroundings, not some one’s heredity. I believe that this is very significant because if an individual is in a bad surrounding, then their learning is slowed down by that bad surrounding. If a child is in a good surrounding they are more willing to learn and they absorb the teachings better. Behaviorist or Constructive approach to instruction I personally love the opinion of having Essentialism and Behaviorist merged together. Those two are my personal philosophy in education. Essentialism philosophy and the behaviorist style combined bring out the reality that there are definitely talents required and that the surroundings must be precise for a child’s learning. These opinions will help me supervise my classroom better and assist with my instructional technique. When the four are combined, they will work fine with each other and make me a better teacher. How to cite Check Point Personal Philosophy of Education, Essay examples

Sports In The Human Civilization Teamwork

Question: Describe about the Sports In The Human Civilization Teamwork ? Answer: Introduction: Since the early age of Sports In The Human Civilization Teamwork has contained a very crucial place. The teamwork is considered as one of the most important factor for achieving any kind of success. It can be concluded from various experts from various sports activities that the chemistry between the players hold a highly impressive role in the case of exhibiting an excellent performance through the sports events. The current paper has chosen the badminton sports for evaluating the aspects of teamwork and group dynamics in a spectacular manner. The doubles and mixed doubles format of badminton highly demands the chemistry among the partners. The intimate relation outside the badminton court naturally animates the performance of the players within the game. The understanding between them also helps to win the game and get the desired success for their active effort. In the current paper all of the aspects of the teamwork have been discussed in a detailed fashion. In addition to that, the most appropriate and effective aspect has been chosen with proper justification. In this paper the relevant theories of the teamwork have been discussed as well. The paper also contains some study of previous research based on the practical interventions. Furthermore, it suggests some most important recommendation for improving the teamwork. Aspects of Teamwork: In order to achieve success, compatibility as well as positive working environment the team would need a highly crucial system which will operate on a long run. There are five aspects of team work as well as group dynamics which is most influential for acquiring the result in a optimum level. These aspects are Intra-group conflict, mutual sharing, teamwork and cohesion as well as leadership model. These aspects can be most effective for defining teamwork as well as their various working throughout the sporting events (Anderson-Butcher et al., 2014). Inter group conflict: Inter group conflict refers to the differences amongst the team members. The conflict generally occurs in three areas of the team function which are relationship, task, as well as process (Gaffney, 2015). Sometimes it is quite helpful for competing with rival team. It enhances the performance level of the entire team to beat the other team with their maximum effort. Personal-Disclosure mutual sharing: The mutual sharing is one of the most important aspects of the team working ability. It refers to the understanding as well as collaborative participation within the team members in order to achieve the goal of the team (Mullin, Hardy Sutton, 2014). In the traditional sense it also can be defined as a situation where an individual team member shares his or her intuition and issue with the remaining team for resolving or responding potential social factor. Teamwork and cohesion: The teamwork and cohesion refers to the action which is performed with a combined as well as effective group effort in order to achieve the common goal (Hoffman, 2013). The team cohesion on the other hand refers to the degree of the contribution made by the team members in order to enhance the collaborative performance of the overall team. Leadership model: The leadership model refers to the teamwork aspect which highly guides the team toward the desired goal of the team. The leadership model is highly responsible for influencing as well as motivating the members towards the goals of group (Torres, 2015). This particular model is highly depended on the leaders interpersonal skills, empathy as well as communication power. Justification of chosen team work aspects: In this current paper the team work and cohesion has been selected as the most appropriate along with effective teamwork function at the badminton sporting event. Teamwork as well as cohesion is most effective for functioning as a work unit in the badminton game. It is also quite essential for contributing into the ability of the entire group. In addition to that, the cohesiveness also attempts to develop the interpersonal as well as group-level attraction within the team (Beauchamp Eys, 2014). The teamwork as well as cohesiveness implements the collaboration strategy within the team in order to ensure the provision of the belonging sense. In addition to that, the teamwork and cohesiveness enhances the communication within the team. This way the team member will be able to share their problems as well as suggestions regarding the game activities. In addition to that, the cohesiveness will also ensure that the team member will eventually be satisfied with the performance of the entir e team. The team member will perform as singular entity as the other member will be able to relate with the potential action of the partner. The communication will also be able to allocate the efforts more effectively. That way the team will be able to perform in an economic fashion and the teams performance will be enhanced. However, there is also several major negative impacts on the cohesion of the entire team (Levi, 2016). The conformity as well as greater resistance to the change system due to various social processes is most vital adverse effect on the team working ability of the group. Despite of these most critical effects of the team working as well as cohesion, it generates an ample amount of advantage to the team working. That is why the team work and cohesion has been selected as the most appropriate aspects of the group dynamics. Therefore, in the badminton sporting event context it will be proved to be most effective for the success of the overall doubles and mixed doubles team (Evans, Eys Wolf, 2013). Relevant theory of team work: There is a very distinct difference between the sporting events with the other areas of team dynamics. The major reasons of these differences are psychology in the context of society as well as idiosyncrasies of the environment of sporting events. There are various theories which have been highly effective for different areas of teamwork (Silva et al., 2013). These areas are goals accomplishing along with the function of the groups. The theories are highly relevant in respect of coaching psychology, coaching inventions along with developing processes of the teamwork. The social identity theory developed by Tajfel is the most relevant theory in the context of the social psychology linking with the sports event. The theory illustrates that the team members who emphasizes on being the member of the respective, tend to focus on the in-group as well as out-group differences in a similar extent (Giulianotti, 2015). This theory emphasizes on the concept that the activity which is performed for distinguishing from the other team can be used for enhancing the team working nature of the entire team. It also states that the making the team members as an active part of the team will be most crucial for the achieving the goals with an inclusive team effort. The social combination theory is another most important concept in respect of the team working ability. This theory highly concentrates on the types of tasks which are implemented by the team members. This kind of categorization of the tasks is proved to be most crucial for comparing the performance of the actual as well as potential format. It therefore reflects the volume of the groups overall loss. The theory immensely believes that the entire group is unable to exceed the each individuals potential (Jarvie, 2013). However, it is also stated that the sports event reflects completely mirror effect. That means the group is more successful than the individual member while perusing the goals of the sports event. The types of the tasks which have been stated in this particular theory are discussed below: Additive tasks: These tasks are mostly renowned for its divisible as well as maximizing nature. These tasks are highly focused on the entire contribution made by the individual team members. Disjunctive tasks: These tasks generally deal with the solution made by any group achievable by numerous other members or entire teams. Conjunctive tasks: These tasks are greatly depended on completion of the tasks through calculating each contribution of the team members. Compensatory tasks: These tasks are known by their average amount of the entire contribution made by the team members for achieving the shared goal of the team in a collective fashion. Discretionary tasks: These tasks are mainly focused on the collaboration along with combination of the team members for achieving the final goal of the team. Another most important theory in respect of the team working as well as group dynamics is the social loafing theory. This particular social theory greatly emphasizes on the hypothesis that the team members are highly feels the sense of responsibility in a collective fashion which in turn reduces the pressure on the entire team (Lee, Cornwell Babiak, 2013). It also illustrates that the team members use more time, effort as well as commitment whilst they work individually. At the same time the social exchange theory supports the prior concept by stating that the team members are highly motivated to achieve the goal with minimum effort. Therefore, they prefer to work in a collective fashion. Study of Previous research: The field of the research works on the team working as well as cohesion in the sporting events greatly relies on the theories of social psychology. In various time it has been noted that the interactions as well as situations in the sporting events are unique. However, it has been noted at most of the time that the occasions follow the same principles in a repetitive fashion. Woods (2015) has been most successful to identify that there are two different kind of cohesion which are task cohesion as well as social cohesion. The task cohesion is mostly called by group integration which deals with the perceptions of all of the group members. On the other hand, the social cohesion is mainly focused on the personal affection within the team members. It also illustrates that the high social cohesion will result a greater partnership performance in badminton sports event. In addition to that, as Kerr (2014) stated that the cohesion can be divided into two different part which are primary cohesion as well as secondary cohesion. The primary cohesion mostly based on the perceptions of the individual group members. Moreover, it also reflects whether the teams performance will be disrupted by the social factors or not. On the contrary, the secondary dimension of cohesion most basically depends on the features of the group. It discloses that the team will be more stable as well as structured if the team members have individual roles. It has been stated by various scholars that the unity in respect of the teams collective goal as well as mutual respect within the team is both equally important for the success of the entire teamwork. As the team members can belong from diverse background it is evident they will reflect different perceptions. Therefore, the team members must exhibit mutual respect to the other member in order to increase their performance. It has been identified by Parent and Smith-Swan (2013) that there are four distinguished key factors which are situational factors, personal factors, leadership factors as well as team factors. Practical recommendation of teamwork: in order to develop the team work in the badminton sports event the partners are highly suggested to focus on several factors which are discussed below: Being Supportive: The sportsman must be highly supportive to his or her partner in a badminton sports doubles and mixed doubles team. This way the partners will cover each others mistake in the sporting event. This scenario will eventually enhance the overall performance of the entire team. Open communication: The partners need to communicate more openly. The open communication will therefore eradicate any chance of confusion as well as misunderstanding within the team. In addition to that, it is also quite effective for developing a shared understanding for each other. Respect the partner: The partners also must focus on developing a respectful environment within the team. This way the team will be able to trust each other. The respect will eventually boost the confidence of the other member and reflect in the performance of the entire team. Treating fairly: The partners also need to treat the other partner with fair amount of care and deference. This will pave the pathway of the more friendly and affectionate relation within the partners. Moreover, the partners will be able to function as a single entity in the badminton court. Conclusion: This paper has significantly disclosed all of the aspects of the team working in the sporting events. These aspects are inter-group conflict, personal disclosure mutual sharing, teamwork and cohesion as well as leadership model. All of the above stated team working aspects play a great role in respect of working in a team within a sporting event. However, the teamwork and cohesion aspect is mainly identified as the most crucial aspect for the maximum performance in the badminton sports event. The paper also discussed several theories which are highly relevant for the team working in the badminton sports. These theories are social identity theory, social combination theory, social loafing theory as well as social exchange theory. The social combination theory most successful disclosed several classifications of the tasks performed within team work. These tasks are additive tasks, disjunctive tasks, conjunctive tasks, compensatory tasks as well as discretionary tasks. Furthermore, an evaluated discussion on the previous study on the same topic has been included in this paper as well. Finally the paper has been able to suggest several most necessary recommendations for improving the teamwork within the badminton doubles along with mixed doubles format. Reference List: Anderson-Butcher, D., Riley, A., Amorose, A., Iachini, A., Wade-Mdivanian, R. (2014). Maximizing Youth Experiences in Community Sport Settings: The Design and Impact of the LiFE Sports Camp.Journal of Sport Management,28(2). Beauchamp, M. R., Eys, M. A. (2014).Group dynamics in exercise and sport psychology. Routledge. Evans, B., Eys, M., Wolf, S. (2013). Exploring the nature of interpersonal influence in elite individual sport teams.Journal of Applied Sport Psychology,25(4), 448-462. Gaffney, P. (2015). The Nature and Meaning of Teamwork.Journal of the Philosophy of Sport,42(1), 1-22. Giulianotti, R. (2015).Sport: A critical sociology. John Wiley Sons. Hoffman, S. (2013). Defining Teamwork: An Analysis of Group Dynamics in Sports. Jarvie, G. (2013).Sport, culture and society: an introduction. Routledge. Kerr, J. H. (2014).Motivation and emotion in sport: Reversal theory. Psychology Press. Lee, S. P., Cornwell, T. B., Babiak, K. (2013). Developing an instrument to measure the social impact of sport: Social capital, collective identities, health literacy, well-being and human capital.Journal of Sport Management,27(1), 24-42. Levi, D. (2016).Group dynamics for teams. Sage Publications. Mullin, B. J., Hardy, S., Sutton, W. (2014).Sport Marketing 4th Edition. Human Kinetics. Parent, M. M., Smith-Swan, S. (2013).Managing major sports events: Theory and practice. Routledge. Silva, P., Garganta, J., Arajo, D., Davids, K., Aguiar, P. (2013). Shared knowledge or shared affordances? Insights from an ecological dynamics approach to team coordination in sports.Sports Medicine,43(9), 765-772. Torres, C. R. (2015). The Role of Teamwork in Organized Youth Sport.Journal of the Philosophy of Sport,42(1), 63-69. Woods, R. (2015).Social issues in sport. Human Kinetics.

Upton Sinclair Essays (756 words) - Criticism Of Christianity

Upton Sinclair READ ALL ABOUT IT... UPTON SINCLAIR!! ?My cause is the Cause of a man who has never yet been defeated, and whose whole being is one all devouring, God-given holy purpose?, declared Upton Beall Sinclair. This man is not only an American novelist, essayist, journalist, but also deeply involved in politics. He has accomplished so many things throughout his life span, it is tough to compare him to anyone else. Until Sinclair was in his later life, he was an unknown failure to many, but then for forty years after that, he was America's most important writer. Sinclair was born in Baltimore on the 20th of September in 1878. He was born in near poverty conditions to his dysfunctional family consisting of his father who drank himself to death, and his mother a southern aristocrat. He taught himself to read and write by the time he was five years old. By the time he was 14, he had already graduated the City College of New York. He furthered his education by becoming a special student at Columbia University. He was supporting himself and paying his own way through his education by writing and selling book. While at Columbia University he was inspired by another student to write even more novels. He started writing weekly novels consisting of more than 30,000 words and selling them as ?half-dime novels?. With the frustration of trying to make it on such little profit, he left Columbia University. Once Sinclair left, he started his first real novel entitled Springtime and Harvest. Publishers did not see his point to the novel, so they figured no one else would and with much disappointment, turned down the novel. ?In order to succeed, one must fail at least once? was often a quote used by Sinclair. He followed this quote often due to the next couple of novels he wrote. Within the two years, he wrote four long novels, and all were reviewed negatively and very few had sales. 1906 was Sinclair's lucky year. In years earlier, he would often fight for free speech and write about politics, but he decided to try a new approach this year. Sinclair is most famous for the novel he wrote this year entitled The Jungle. As for the rejection, six publishers turned him down on the book at first, so Sinclair decided to publish the book himself. One publisher wrote ? I advise without hesitation and unreservedly against the publications of this book which is gloom and horror unrelieved. One feels that what is at the bottom of his fierceness is not nearly so much desire to help the poor as hatred of the rich.? To prove this publisher wrong, Sinclair advertised for his book, and received orders for 972 copies of The Jungle. Within in the next couple of years, more than 150,000 copies were sold, and the book was printed in seventeen different languages and was a best seller all over the world. During this period of time, the President of the United States was Theodore Roosevelt. He read The Jungle, and immediately following he declared an investigation of the meat-packing industry. Although Roosevelt was not happy with such a book, he was not happy at what he saw in the industries he investigated. The impact of this book, had the same impact as Harriet Beecher Stowe's book called Uncle Tom's Cabin. With the profit made from The Jungle, Sinclair decided to build the Helicon Hall. This was a utopian community that contained all of the virtues he believed in for socialism. On November 1, 1906 this building was opened. Over $30,000 was invested in this utopia. Journalists remarked that the Helicon Hall was only built for a ?free love nest? just to have mistresses available, but truly it was a communal living hall for families upholding high moral standards. Sinclair's greatest hero was that of Jesus Christ, so to have such stereotypes journalists should rethink what they might have said. Not even a year later, on March 7, 1907, Sinclair awoke to the smell of smoke and cries of fire. He made his way outside, half burned, and looked back upon his dream as it went disappeared. ?The beautiful utopia was flaming and roaring, until it crashed in and died away to a dull glow? Sinclair recalled. Some say that the Helicon Hall was only built to burn down for insurance collecting, but actually insurance only paid for about two-thirds of the damage and Sinclair ended up paying for the other damage. The profit he made on The Jungle was now lost. Years would go by, and Sinclair would continue writing novels, poems, and pretty much everything.

Free Essays on Emily Dickinson

EMILY DICKINSON Emily Dickinson lived in an era of Naturalism and Realism (1855-1910). She lived in a period of The Civil War and the Frontier. She was affected by her life and the era she lived in. She also had many deaths in her family and that’s part of the reason that she was very morbid and wrote about death. Emily Dickinson grew up in Amherst, Massachusetts in the nineteenth century. As a child she was brought up into the Puritan way of life. She was born on December 10, 1830 and died fifty-six years later. Emily lived isolated in the house she was born in; except for the short time she attended Amherst Academy and Holyoke Female Seminary. Emily Dickinson never married and lived on the reliance of her father. Dickinson was close to her sister Lavinia and her brother Austin her whole life. Most of her family were members of the church, but Emily never wished to become one. Her closest friend was her sister-in-law Susan. Susan was Emily's personal critic; as long as Emily was writing she asked Susan to look her poems over. Emily Dickinson was affected by her life for several reasons. One of the reasons was that she was never married, though she went through many serious relationships, she never settled down. Another reason that she was affected by her life was that her mother was not â€Å"emotionally accessible†. She was not close to her mother and never shared any of her feelings with her, which most daughters feel they can. This might have caused Emily to be very weird and strange. The Dickinson children were also raised in the Christian tradition, and were expected to take up their father’s religious beliefs and values without any fighting or arguing. Emily did not like than she can not chose for herself her own beliefs and religion. Emily did not enjoy the popularity and excitement of the public life, unlike her father. So she began to pull away from it. In the presence of strangers Emily could be shy, silent o... Free Essays on Emily Dickinson Free Essays on Emily Dickinson The authors of the two poems are Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman. The name of Dickinson’s poem is â€Å"This quiet dust was gentlemen and ladies.† The name of Walt Whitman’s poem is â€Å"Song Number 6.† I believe that these two poems are different in a lot of ways, but they are alike in that they both speak of death. The poems have few similarities. Although both Dickinson and Whitman seem to be very interested in death and what happens after life. They seem to be intrigues in the uncertainties of death; for example, Whitman asks, â€Å"What do you think has become of the young and old/ men?† He wants to know exactly what happens after death. Dickinson also reminisces about how these people were once alive and she wonders what that did in life. She said, â€Å"And Lads and Girls/ Was Laughter and Ability and Sighing.† These poems are different in more ways than one. Emily Dickinson seems to wonder what these dead people were like while they were alive. She said, â€Å"This quit Dust was Gentlemen and Ladies/ And Lads and Girls.† Dickinson doesn’t seem to wonder about what happens after death as much as Whitman. They also had different writing styles. Whitman wrote in free verse, while Dickinson had a rhyme scheme. I like Emily Dickinson’s poem better because it was short and to the point. I like that Dickinson is interested in what these people were like before they passed on, because I have wondered that exact same thing more than once. I also like that Dickinson used a rhyme scheme, because that makes the poem easier to read.... Free Essays on Emily Dickinson EMILY DICKINSON Emily Dickinson lived in an era of Naturalism and Realism (1855-1910). She lived in a period of The Civil War and the Frontier. She was affected by her life and the era she lived in. She also had many deaths in her family and that’s part of the reason that she was very morbid and wrote about death. Emily Dickinson grew up in Amherst, Massachusetts in the nineteenth century. As a child she was brought up into the Puritan way of life. She was born on December 10, 1830 and died fifty-six years later. Emily lived isolated in the house she was born in; except for the short time she attended Amherst Academy and Holyoke Female Seminary. Emily Dickinson never married and lived on the reliance of her father. Dickinson was close to her sister Lavinia and her brother Austin her whole life. Most of her family were members of the church, but Emily never wished to become one. Her closest friend was her sister-in-law Susan. Susan was Emily's personal critic; as long as Emily was writing she asked Susan to look her poems over. Emily Dickinson was affected by her life for several reasons. One of the reasons was that she was never married, though she went through many serious relationships, she never settled down. Another reason that she was affected by her life was that her mother was not â€Å"emotionally accessible†. She was not close to her mother and never shared any of her feelings with her, which most daughters feel they can. This might have caused Emily to be very weird and strange. The Dickinson children were also raised in the Christian tradition, and were expected to take up their father’s religious beliefs and values without any fighting or arguing. Emily did not like than she can not chose for herself her own beliefs and religion. Emily did not enjoy the popularity and excitement of the public life, unlike her father. So she began to pull away from it. In the presence of strangers Emily could be shy, silent o... Free Essays on Emily Dickinson In 1874, Dickinson’s father died. This left her deeply distressed. Her mother suffered paralysis a year later and was invalid for the rest of her life. It was during this time that Dickinson cared for her mother and really came to love her. Dickinson’s mother died in 1882. While growing up, the Dickinson children were devoted to one another, even though the house lacked joy. The children had no relationship with their mother, and their father was stern and involved with his work (Donoghue 452). Dickinson spent the first twenty-five years of her life secluded from all but her closest friends. She had many intense intellectual friendships with several men in succession. She quaintly referred to these men as her tutors. The first of these was Benjamin F. Newton. He was a law student in her father’s office who encouraged her to read and take her talent for writing poetry seriously. Because of Newton’s early death, she looked to Reverend Charles Wadsworth for guidance. â€Å"She soon came to regard him as her dearest ‘earthly friend,’ and for purposes of poetry created in his image the ‘lover’ whom she was never to know except in imagination† (Hart 224). Wadsworth’s departure from her life is greatly associated with her increasing fascination with poetry. This prompted her correspondence with T.W. Higginson. His kind words and support helped her through lonely years. She also befriended Samuel Bowles, Dr. J.G. Holland, and H elen Hunt Jackson. These were the few individuals who Dickinson allowed to read some of her works (Hart 224). Dickinson strongly resisted the doctrine of â€Å"election.† This is the view that some were marked from birth for salvation and others were condemned to Hell. At Mount Holyoke, Dickinson was among those who had not been redeemed. She was one of three not saved. To be considered such, she was expected to declare some religious experience. She refused to do so, just to gain a social acceptance. ... Free Essays on Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was born to Edward, and Emily Norcross Dickinson on December 10th, 1830, in Amherst, Massachusetts. It was believed that during her childhood, the household was a joyless, restrictive life. Scholars believed that it was dominated by a tyrannical father, but since then, that vision has been modified. Now, it appears that the Dickinson children’s lives were very normal. They spent their days with the usual childhood activities, playing games and pranks, also splashing through mud puddles and exploring the countryside. As they grew older, they went to parties and fretted over infatuations and complained about household chores. Emily had two other siblings. Lavina, her sister was two years younger than Emily, and Austin, who was one year older, was her brother, and her best friend. At 17, Emily enrolled at Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in South Hadley, Massachusetts. She left ten months later for an unknown reason. When she quit, it marked the end of her Formal education but kept teaching herself, studying poetry, and other writings. She even knew much of the Bible by heart. She felt very strongly about how poetry made her feel. She once said to a friend, â€Å"If I read a book and it makes my whole body so cold no fire ever can warm me, I know that is poetry. If I feel physically as if the top of my head were taken off, I know that is poetry.† Emily attempted to get her works published in the early 1860’s. She sent her writings to Thomas Wentworth. She sent four of her poems to him in her very first attempt to be a publishing poet. He knew she had raw talent, an his response was significant. However, her rough rhythms and imperfect rhymes were counting big against her. He suggested she change that as well as her spelling and grammar. Emily chose not to publish anything then. The death of her father marked the beginning of Emily’s physical reclusiveness from the world. But the separat... Free Essays on Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson was born on December 10, 1830 in Amherst Massachusetts. She had a younger sister named Lavina and an older brother named Austin. Her mother Emily Norcross Dickinson, was very dependent on her family and was seen by Emily as a poor mother. Her father was a lawyer, a Congressman, and the Treasurer for Amherst College. Emily’s grandfather was also known for building the brick mansion in Amherst. That house was later known as the Homestead. Unlike her mother, Emily loved and admired her father. Since the family was not emotional, they lived a quiet secure life. They rarely shared their problems with each other so Emily had plenty of privacy for writing during her childhood. As she matured she began to notice the gap between herself and her family’s religious belief's. She refused to accept the god of her parents and made it know that accepting things the way they are was not her style. Emily and her family attended The First Congregational Church on a regular basis. Emily did not like going to church because she didn’t think of herself as being very religious. She refused to believe that Heaven was a better place than Earth and eventually moved away from the church. Emily saw herself as a woman who had her own way of thinking. By the time she was twelve, her family moved to a house on Pleasant Street where they lived from 1840 to 1855. Emily was already writing letters, but wrote most of her poetry in this home. Emily only left home to attend Mount Holyoke Female Seminary for two semesters. During this time Emily was very energetic and had few freinds. She also was involved town social events. Even though her stay there was brief, she impressed her teachers with her courage and directness. They felt that her writing was very impressive. At the age of twenty-one, Emily and her family moved to the Dickinson Homestead on Main Street. This move proved to be very difficult for Emily. This was difficult for Emily ... Free Essays on Emily Dickinson Much Madness is Divinest Sense â€Å"Much Madness Is Divinest Sense† was published in Emily Dickinson’s first collection, which was simply called Poems. This poem concentrates on society’s judgmental views of non-conformists. In this essay, I will be explicating this poem line by line paying close attention to the unique capitalization, rhythm, rhyme, alliteration, and wordplay. Much Madness is divinest Sense- To a discerning Eye- Much Sense- the starkest Madness- ‘Tis the Majority (1-4) The â€Å"Eye† (2) is a vague image. Dickinson utilizes a synecdoche to further the image of the â€Å"Eye† to be representational of a â€Å"wise† person who has the power to label behavior â€Å"normal† or â€Å"mad†. Much Madness is divinest Sense- To a discerning Eye- Much Sense- the starkest Madness- ‘Tis the Majority (1-4) The poem opens with a statement that is a paradox. The capitalization of â€Å"Much Madness† (1) draws the readers focus to and emphasizes the juxtaposition of â€Å"Much Madness† (1) and â€Å"divinest Sense† (1). Although these words are contradictory, Dickinson finds a relationship in meaning; while society views nonconformists as mad and conformists as sane, it is actually the nonconformist who is sane and the conformists who are mad. Questions that may arise with the first two words in this line might concern what she means by â€Å"madness.† Is Dickinson referring to insanity or anger? There is a difference in the degree of madness that’s acceptable and combining â€Å"Madness† (1) with â€Å"divinest† suggests that not only madness is an important issue but also that it is connected with the divine on some level. The capitalization of the word â€Å"Eye† (2) in the second line emphasizes the pun on the pronoun â€Å"I†. When Dickinson writes, â€Å"To a discerning Eye† (2) she is specifically referring to the speaker of the poem. The speaker is the â€Å"discerning I† (2), they are the one ... Free Essays on Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson was considered to be one of the greatest American lyric poets that ever lived. Emily was born and raised in Amherst, Massachusetts. She was raised in a traditional New England. She lived a very sheltered and exclusive life, rarely venturing out of her bedroom. Emily stayed in her room and wrote poetry, and read books all day. Emily never had any of her poems published, because she hated fame, and did not want to be acknowledged for her work. Emily Dickinson was born December tenth 1830. Her father Edward Dickinson, was a successful lawyer, a member of congress, and for many years treasurer of Amherst College. Emily’s mothers name was Emily Norcross Dickinson, she was a submissive timid woman. (Emily 352) Emily had an older brother and a younger sister. Emily’s brother William Austin was a lawyer. William and Emily were not to close relationship wise; she never really opened up to anyone. Her younger sister Lavenia was in a way like Emily, she also never left the house. Lavenia was the chief housekeeper of her household. Neither Emily nor Lavenia ever married. Emily’s brother Austin married a woman by the name of Susan Huntington, in 1856. (Skiba 216) Emily used to go to school with Susan. Over the years Emily grew very close to Susan, Emily considered her to be her best friend. Susan lived right next door to Emily; she was a very big influence in Emily’s life. Many other writers such as John Keats, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Isaac Watts and many other biblical poets also influenced Emily. (Emily 352). In Emily’s childhood she was shy and different from the others. Emily did attend school, before she became completely unsocial. She went to Amherst Academy for a few years, before attending Mt. Holyoak College. (Skiba 216) Emily loved to read especially if it had anything to do with Shakespeare or Religion. While at college she majored in Chemistry and Astronomy. (Dickinson, New Book 153) Almost ... Free Essays on Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson, recognized as one of the greatest American poets of the nineteenth century, was born December 10, 1830 in Amherst, Massachusetts (Benfey, 1). Dickinson’s greatness and accomplishments were not always recognized. In her time, women were not recognized as serious writers and her talents were often ignored. Only seven of her 1800 poems were ever published. Dickinson’s life was relatively simple, but behind the scenes she worked as a creative and talented poet. Her work was influenced by poets of the seventeenth century in England, and by her puritan upbringing. Dickinson was an obsessively private writer. Dickinson withdrew herself from the social contract around the age of thirty and devoted herself, in secret, to writing. She never married, finding in her poetry, reading, gardening, and close friendships, a rich and fulfilling life. Emily grew up with a privileged childhood. She was the eldest daughter of Edward Dickinson, a successful lawyer, member of congress, and for many years treasurer of Amherst College. Her father gave here the time, and literary education, as well as confidence to try her hand at free verse. Emily’s mother, Emily Norcross Dickinson, was a submissive, timid housewife dedicated to her husband, children, and household chores. The Dickinson’s only son, William Austin, also a lawyer, succeeded his father as treasurer of the college. Their youngest child, Lavina, was the chief housekeeper and, like her sister, Emily, remained a home, unmarried, all her life. A sixth member who was added to the family in 1856 was Susan Gilbert, a schoolmate of Emily’s, who married Austin and moved into the house next door the Dickinson home which they called Homestead. Emily and Susan were very close friends and confidantes, until Susan and Austin’s marriage. It was at this time tha t Susan stopped respo! nding to the notes and poems that were often exchanged between the two ( ). Emily’s letters to Su...

How to Pronounce Xi Jinpings Name

How to Pronounce 'Xi Jinping's' Name China has been growing as a world power, and Xi Jinping, the countrys leader since 2012, is ever-present in the news and on the world stage. Its important, therefore, for students of Chinese- and indeed for anyone keeping up with current events- to be able to pronounce the Chinese leaders name. But saying his name correctly is not simple; it requires understanding the Chinese alphabet as well as the tones you must use when pronouncing Chinese letters and words. Basic Pronunciation The alphabetical letters used to write sounds in Mandarin Chinese (called Hanyu Pinyin) dont often match sounds they describe in English, so simply trying to read a Chinese name and guess its pronunciation is not sufficient.  (Mandarin Chinese is the official language of Mainland China and Taiwan.) The simplest way to pronounce the name of the president of China is to say Shee Jin Ping. But you also must account for the Chinese tones. The Four Tones In Mandarin Chinese, many characters have the same sounds, so tones are necessary when speaking to help differentiate words from each other.  The four tones are: First: a level and higher pitchSecond: a rising tone that starts from a lower pitch and ends  at a slightly higher pitchThird:  a falling-rising  tone that begins at a neutral tone then dips to a lower pitch before ending at a higher pitchFourth:  a falling tone that starts the syllable at a slightly higher-than-neutral pitch then goes quickly and strongly downward You can listen to a recording of a native speaker pronouncing the name and mimic the pronunciation. The BBC notes that the name is pronounced -sh as in ship, -j as in Jack, -i as in sit, -ng as in sing. Breaking Down the Name The presidents name is ä ¹  Ã¨ ¿â€˜Ã¥ ¹ ³ (or ç ¿â€™Ã¨ ¿â€˜Ã¥ ¹ ³ written in traditional form). His name, as do most Chinese names, consists of three syllables. The first syllable is his family name and the two remaining are his personal name. Xi, the first part of the name, can be difficult for non-native Chinese speakers to pronounce because the hard  x sound does not exist in English. It is alveolo-palatal, meaning that its produced by placing the body of the tongue against the front part of the hard palate. The tongue position is similar to the first sound in yes in English. Try producing a hissing sound and youll get pretty close. The i is like the y in city but longer. The tone rises when pronouncing this part of the name, so it takes on the second tone. Jin is also tricky, but if you know how to pronounce the hard x in Chinese, it becomes a lot easier. J is pronounced like the x  sound but has a stop in front of it. Think of it as a very light t, or tx. Take care not to breathe out too hard when pronouncing the t because it will turn into a Chinese Pinyin q. The i in jin should sound similar to the i in xi but shorter. The tone falls in this part of the name, so it takes on the fourth tone. Ping is fairly straightforward; it is pronounced much as it looks in English written form. One minor difference is that the ng is pronounced farther back and is more prominent than in English. The tone rises in this part of the name so it takes on the second tone.

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

History - Essay Example At the core of the issue was their original demand for representation but not independence. The American leaders knew that the nation is destined for greater things than just being a colony. The economic atmosphere was likewise that of a new beginning; for the country was on the verge of becoming a great economic power herself due to its vast natural resources. The former British colonizers were exploiting American resources for export to its own colonies. The primary domestic concern of the newly-independent Americans was to preserve the nation so it will not fragment into small independent states. There were some frictions with the slave-holding Southern states such as the 3/5 clause which gave these Southerners a big political clout for every slave owned (Amar 17). Hyper-inflation was a big issue (Trask 1). Throughout much of Europe, the people there were overthrowing their own monarchies and tried to give back power to the people. The French Revolution, for example, tried to do t his by toppling their own king because their political structure was based on feudalism. The American framers of the constitution tried to imagine every political possibility that could happen in the distant future by integrating flexibility such as that by way of amendments. It also ensured checks and balances by making the three branches of government co-equal.

Discussion #6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion #6 - Essay Example The group provides permanent affordable housing, financial assistance, employment services, housing search services, benefits advocacy, as well as proactive landlord outreach with the aim of assisting families overcome credit and income barriers to economic stability and housing stability. Angel Tree is a non-profit organization that seeks to assist children whose parents have been imprisoned by helping them meet their spiritual, emotional, and physical needs. The organization’s programs seek to support the prisoners’ families as well as the inmates to ensure they reconcile with the community, family, and God after their prison terms to minimize repeat offenders. Generation Five is an organization that focuses on creating awareness of occurrence and consequences of child sexual abuse through transformative justice and education on how to identify, prevent, and respond responsibly to incidents of child sexual abuse. The organization aims at eliminating conditions that promote child sexual abuse such as gender inequality, racism, class exploitation as well as violence and instead promote justice, liberation as well as sustainability. Bay Area Recovery is an organization that provides rehabilitation programs for drug and alcohol addicts with the aim of enhancing the individual’s health, as well as the family and community relationships. The organization offers services such as detoxification, individual therapy, as well as group therapy to promote an efficient and comprehensive treatment program for the addicts. Sesame Workshop is an organization that focuses on helping children to develop the strength to heal and have hope after the death of a parent. The group provides friendship, hope and understanding to children going through the grieving process. Banana Splits Resource Centre is an organization that supports children who experience parental divorce or separation. The

Hca Teamwork Assignment Essay Example for Free

Hca Teamwork Assignment Essay Jennifer Planz As a delegated leader I am asked to solve an issue that is currently affecting the billing department of the facility I work in. The billing department need codes and important that they are not receiving. The doctor needs to be reimbursed for medical care on a patient. The facility I work in needs me to get this done in order to speed up production. This leaves me in charge of picking a team and promoting effective teamwork in order to resolve the current conflict. I will choose the members of my eam by finding individuals who are all trying to achieve the same objective. In this case, it would be the billing specialist, the doctor, myself and a communication specialist to make it go more smoothly. All of us are involved in this conflict on one way or another and need to participate together in order for all parties to be satisfied. I will promote effective teamwork by having the communication specialist involved. Teamwork can also be promoted by establishing ground rules for all team players. Making sure all players knew the nature, importance and cause of the conflict problem. Making sure everyone was aware that conflict is a natural part of life is a way to promote effective teamwork. Also offering social support, workshops, and providing leadership training. Offering social support can help soothe feelings and encourage more social support. It also reduces the risks and causes of caregivers being stressed, burned-out, and feelings of isolation. Offering workshops to employees for building their skills and help them to assume new roles in organization and managing conflict that is involved in with change and teamwork. Leadership training can vary on a range of topics. The ones I like that I would use are managing conflict, handling complaints, hospitality, and writing effective memo and releases. I feel this would be good starting training sessions for soon to be leaders or those already in leadership positions. Communication skills are important because they affect the performance of every employee and not Just leaders. The basic communication skills are both essential and necessary to effectively care for someone. Training and sessions are a great way to enhance or upgrade those skills in order to perfect these skills and become a better professional.

Siberian Tigers :: essays research papers

What it looks like: Siberian tiger is the largest and most rare of all members of the cat family. This cat is 8-10 feet long, excluding their 25-38 inch rattling tail. This species of tiger weighs 400-700 pounds. Like all members of the tiger family, males are significantly larger than females.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The fur of the Siberian tiger is long, thick and yellow with dark black stripes running through it. The coat of this animal is reddish colored in the summer months. The underside of the Siberian tiger is bright white, and the tail area is white and black. What its eating habits are: Like all members of the cat family, tigers are carnivores. The Siberian tiger hunts a wide range of prey, including small mammals, deer, water buffalo, wild pigs, and birds. Tigers ambush their prey, often camouflaging themselves and observing their intended victims for long periods of time. Siberian tigers are strong animals, able to tackle large animals almost twice their size, and render the victim helpless by inflicting a series of deadly bites into the animal's spine or throat. This semi-nocturnal animals covers 6-12 miles each night in search of food. MATING: Siberian tigers mate in winter months and following a 3-5 month gestation period, the female produces 3-4 cubs. Cubs weigh just over 2 pounds each and are born blind. The small litter of cubs stay close to their mother for the first 8 weeks of life. By 18 months, the young are capable of hunting on their own. Young stay with their mother for 2 years, at which time they leave the pact and travel solo. The life span of the Siberian tiger is 15 years in the wild, and significantly longer in captivity. LIFESTYLE: The Siberian tiger at one time ranged through Korea, China, parts of Russia, and Siberia. Today, they are near extinction in all areas, except Russia. The Siberian tiger is a solitary animal, preferring to travel and hunt alone or with a small pack. This animal lives in mountainous regions and heavily forested areas. The tiger's first line of defense is the rattle at the end of its tail. The Siberian tiger will shake the tail to warn off enemies or communicate to others the threat of danger. This cat is a powerful jumper and climber, also capable of running at high speeds. The paws of the Siberian tiger are equipped with long, sharp, dagger-like retractable claws.

John Steinbeck Essay

John Steinbeck is simply one of America’s finest storytellers. He is an accomplished author and a Nobel Laureate in Literature. However, his road to success was not easy. His earlier novels failed to attract attention, and it took many years before he got the recognition he deserved. Like most writers, his experiences and his hometown were crucial in the creation of his stories. Thus, Steinbeck’s works were greatly influenced by his life and the environment in which he lived. John Ernst Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902, in Salinas, California (National Steinbeck Center [NSC], n. d. ). His parents were John Steinbeck, Sr., and Olive Hamilton Steinbeck. His father was a County Treasurer and his mother was a school teacher (NSC, n. d. ). It was his mother who was responsible for his love of reading and writing (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). His favorite books included Le Morte d’ Arthur by Sir Thomas Malory, Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky and Paradise Lost by John Milton (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). He usually spent his summer vacations working on ranches and farms (NSC, n. d. ). It is from this experience where he derived his knowledge of the countryside and its people, which he later used in his stories (NSC, n.d. ). Steinbeck graduated from Salinas High School in 1919 (NSC, n. d. ), and proceeded to study marine biology in Stanford University (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). To pay for his education, he took many jobs, which led him to miss several quarters of school (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). He was already a writer in college, with several poems and short stories included in university publications as proof (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). In 1925, Steinbeck left Stanford University and proceeded to New York to start his writing career (NSC, n. d. ). He began his writing career in New York as a reporter for American (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). Despite this brief writing stint, Steinbeck was still unsuccessful in terms of fiction. He failed to publish any of his written works, forcing him to return to California (NSC, n. d. ). He was still a writer, but he also had other jobs as well. His jobs included fruit picking, painting, surveying, being an estate caretaker and a house watchman (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). In 1929, Cup of Gold was written when Steinbeck was a house watchman (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). It failed to return the publisher’s investment (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). His next two novels, The Pastures of Heaven and To a God Unknown, were also unsuccessful (NSC, n. d. ). In 1930, Steinbeck married his first wife Carol Henning. The 30s also marked an improvement in his writing career, as his first literary success Tortilla Flat was published in 1935 (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). Tortilla Flat was later adapted into a movie. Steinbeck’s success continued, with the release Of Mice and Men in 1937, and The Grapes of Wrath in 1939. Soon after, he won a Pulitzer Prize for The Grapes of Wrath. During the Second World War, he went back to his journalistic roots, as a correspondent for the New York Herald Tribune (NSC, n. d. ). In 1942, Steinbeck’s relationship with Henning ended (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). He then married Gwyndolyn Conger, but the marriage did not last (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). In 1950, he married again, this time to Elaine Scott (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). It was also in the 50s when he published another great book of his, East of Eden in 1952 (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). In 1962, Steinbeck was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature (NSC, n. d. ). Four years after, he passed away, in the 20th of December (NSC, n.d. ). Steinbeck’s literary pieces are filled with references to his own life. The most prominent reference was the setting. Most of his stories, if not all, feature his hometown of Salinas. This is only proof that his hometown was very significant for him, that he refused to exclude it in his works. The Pastures of Heaven is a great example. There is a valley in California, which is located between Salinas and Monterey (Paik, 2006). The name of the valley is Corral de Tierra, but Steinbeck referred to this valley as â€Å"pastures of heaven,† hence the title of his book (Paik, 2006). Moreover, it was also found that since The Pastures of Heaven consists of short stories, Steinbeck’s intention to unify them may bear a similarity to Milton’s Paradise Lost (Meyer, 2007). This is no surprise, since it was one of his favorite books. Tortilla Flat is another Steinbeck novel which referenced his hometown. Tortilla Flat is another town in California, near Monterey. The theme of the story was based on King Arthur and the Round Table (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). Steinbeck might have derived this idea from another favorite book of his, Le Morte d’ Arthur by Sir Thomas Malory. In addition, he included the plight of farmers within the story (Pollock, 2006), the inspiration of which was probably taken from his summers as a farmhand. The Log from the Sea of Cortez is another Steinbeck text that, despite having no connection with California, was still a result of his life experiences. When Steinbeck was married to Carol, they lived in Pacific Grove (NSC, n. d. ). It was in Pacific Grove were he met Edward Ricketts, a marine biologist (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). They quickly became friends, probably because they shared the same interest in biology, which Steinbeck took in college. In 1940, Ricketts and Steinbeck boarded The Western Flyer, a fishing boat they hired for the expedition (Weiss, 1999). Both men explored the Gulf of California, also known as the Sea of Cortez (Weiss, 1999). Steinbeck published the book Sea of Cortez, which was re-released as The Log from the Sea of Cortez (Weiss, 1999). Steinbeck’s maturity as a writer is difficult to trace, simply because he started out as a journalist and later became a fiction writer. News writing and fiction writing are two different fields, both of which are essential parts of Steinbeck’s career. Nonetheless, regardless of genre, Steinbeck’s talent is undeniable. Only he could write with a balance of â€Å"realistic naturalism† and â€Å"moral optimism† within his stories (Phillips, 2006). Consequently, Steinbeck’s writing strength lies on his social commentary, the focus of which was the economic struggles of laborers in the rural areas (Nobel Foundation 1962). His love for the California landscape is also another Steinbeck trademark, which is not always compatible with his straightforward sociological kind of writing (Nobel Foundation, 1962). Despite this, John Steinbeck remains a remarkable author whose legacy will stay for generations. He was one of the many who created literary masterpieces that was extremely influenced by his own life and the surroundings in which he lived. References John Steinbeck (1902-1968). Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://www. kirjasto. sci. fi/johnstei. htm Meyer, M. J. (2007). The Pastures of Heaven. The Literary Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://www. litencyc. com/php/sworks. php? rec=true&UID=7353 National Steinbeck Center (n. d. ). Biography. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://www. steinbeck. org/Bio. html Nobel Foundation (1962). Biography. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1962/steinbeck-bio. html Paik, F. (2006). Pastures of heaven. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://www. forbes. com/2001/11/09/1109how. html Phillips, B. (2006). SparkNote on East of Eden. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://www. sparknotes. com/lit/eastofeden/context. html Pollock, F. J. (2006). SparkNote on Tortilla Flat. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://www. sparknotes. com/lit/tortillaflat/context. html Weiss, D. (1999). The log of the sea of Cortez. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://www. ecotopia. org/about/cortez. html.

Effect of Social Media Addiction Essay

In recent years social media has become an important asset of student’s life. Teenagers satisfy themselves by using social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, Myspace and many more. Their life now depends on social media to interact with each other. Therefore, it becomes a basic need for them. Social media typically involve interactions of people through social networks and blogs. Social media is defined as a platform that helps a user to connect with other users through simple internet access. Consequently, social media have been upgrading day by day. As a result, more teenagers get indulge on social media for their intercourse. Some people argue that advancement of social media threatens the life of teenagers because they are addicted towards social media. However, others believe that it enhances the scope of teenagers towards education and culture. The new generation is the electronically addicted generation. Due to this addiction teenagers face many effects in their lives. This report aims at the different effects caused by social media on teenagers. Moreover to what extend social networking sites effects teenagers on their school success, relationship status, social life. This report also focuses on solutions of the given effects. Social media is a complex network in which people design their own profile and become users. After that, enlist other users in the profile and then interact socially in a virtual world of social media and exchange information in a close network. Advancement in the technology alters the learning technique of teenagers. They reside in a world of technology as a result, get technological capability prematurely. Moreover, this capability is very significant in their academic results (Prensky, 2001). It is carried out that teenagers operate these social sites for doing pleasure activities rather than for academic success (Luckin et al, 2009, p. 87-104). Specific investigator bring into light that high school student operates these media only to strong their social dominance over the other users (Ellison et al. 2007, p. 1143-1168). Teenager’s are easily amused by social media due to its advancement. Nowadays, facebook is the most popular social site among teenagers. Hindustan times (2012) reveal that â€Å"India crossed the 100 million internet user’s† (p. 7). Moreover HT surveys exposed that 24% of respondent used social media on a daily basis and 52% say they have more than two profiles on different social media. It is estimated that 73% of teenagers prefer to interact on facebook, 48% rely on Myspace and Linkedin have a usage of 14% (Lehhart et al. ,2010 , p.25). There is a steep rise in the usage of social networking sites by youngsters. However, a survey was conducted named as â€Å"parent and teen† survey and 935 individuals participated in it in America it depicts that in 2006, 55% of the teenagers were the daily users of social media (The Nielsen Company, 2009). Furthermore, usage of social media incremented by 30% from year 2006 to 2007 (The Nielsen Company, 2010). Observati ons conclude that the main purpose to use these social media were to remain in contact and to make an influence on the social network frequently visiting it. Social media is very conductive to spread information about the calamities situation around the world. As a result, teenagers get aware of the world around them. In contrast, of having positive effects some researchers also revealed the negative and addictive influence of social media on teenagers wellness. In addition, they start living in the virtual world of social media. Moreover, their physical contact with other people decreases to a great extend. However, some teenagers are so addicted to social media that they start describing their daily activities on social sites. If they don’t check their profiles at regular intervals,they get a sensation of despondent, aggressiveness and separation. Moreover, when addiction hinders the academic path of teenagers, then social networking sites become important instead of education, family, peer attraction and recreational activities. When tension builds to perform well in the exams, the earlier thing that is affected by the social me dia network is educational approach. Many users prefer to interact over facebook only to avoid real societies and  problems. Further investigation brought into light that whether addiction to social media like facebook is a threat to higher education. Kandell (1998) stated that college students are at a verge of developing social addiction towards facebook. In additional survey by Sharifal et al (2011) on 380 female Malaysian university students state that these participants are influenced by facebook and considered to be addicts. Social networking sites have the ability to use productively in educational purposes by students (Greenhow, 2009, p. 42-47). Particularly, it depends on the teenagers to what extend they will use social media as their advantage. Sugar (2013) concludes that initially there were two networking sites set up for social media purposes, these were â€Å"sixdegree.com† in 1997 and â€Å"classmate.com†. However, it gives Different identity to different users. Through social media users feel like connected they can share and evaluate thing with one and another. At the most basic level social networking sites build up the strength to make friendship. Moreover, the teenager may feel good in different environments like in college, school. Also, they feel like responsible. It also reveals that using media enhances the efficiency of students towards academic studies. The main focus is how a user uses social media to his advantage. Furthermore, teenagers can remain in contact with the family members. Despite of these advantages only achieved by taking conception that many teenagers use social media in a good way. Social media have many advantages in this contemporary world of teenagers. They learn how to take initiatives in making friends.. The scope of their knowledge increases drastically. However, Interacting socially open the gaze of the many valuable things like knowledge about learning, culture views. Social media networking sites are not just the mere source of entertainment. Teenager’s must use it as a source of information to accelerate their knowledge. After that, pursue good grades in academic studies. Teenager’s elevate their personalities using social networking media. Social media have many negative impacts on user’s. However, teenager’s must take social media as an open test in which they can multiply their social skills. It acts as a medium for communication between peers, relatives. User’s gain experience. Moreover teenager can attain technology excellence in their early while  operating these media. As a result, they will mold themselves according to the change in the technology. Moreover, they will get knowledge of the information and technology. Universities, colleges and even some public organisation use social sites to interact with the people. However a positive approach must be set towards social media. User’s try to express themselves truly sometimes on social networking sites. As a result, they learn how to take initiatives in order to make friends. Learn to know about different societies and culture. Teenager’s must adopt the positive aspect of social media. So that they can have a personal advantage in the nearby future. It has many aspects according to the users view. Teenagers must use the social media in a timely manner not in a excessive. They should start preparing their daily schedules on social networking usage. The decision to get addicted or to get promoted by social media depends on the user. So users must use social networking sites for benefits rather than for their destructiveness. Teenagers must use it in a timely manner. Should check performance of their academic session regularly as it is affected by social media or not. They must give to every physical activity. This report aims at the positive and negative effects of social media. Addiction to social media is very harmful. In collaboration, this report shows the usage of social networking among university students in America, India and Malaysia. Moreover, it describes the social media usage pattern among teenagers. For further instant different effects have been listed due to social media and networking addiction. However, with negative, positive effects have also impacted the life of teenagers. Social media are very beneficial and dangerous for teenagers. These media is not just to spend time or get addicted to it. The main theme of social media is to get connected to the world. When addiction starts then the productivity of teenagers decrease to a minimum extend. One more result also come out it is not practically prove that social media addiction affects the life of teenagers. Effects of social media hinder the path of success for teenagers. University students are likely to be get addic ted by social use because of their influencing atmosphere. References see more:does social media cause isolation Salgur, S. A. (2013). THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL NETWORKING ON TEENAGERS’ SCHOOL SUCCESS. Euromentor Journal, 4(3), 35-46. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1462851084?accountid=10344 Zaremohzzabieh, Z., Samah, B. A., Omar, S. Z., Bolong, J., & Kamarudin, N. A. (2014). Addictive facebook use among university students. Asian Social Science, 10(6), 107-116. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1512349385?accountid=10344 Brown, J. D., & Bobkowski, P. S. (2011). Older and Newer Media: Patterns of Use and Effects on Adolescents’ Health and Well-Being. Journal Of Research On Adolescence (Wiley-Blackwell), 21(1), 95-113. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00717.x Park, N., Hwang, Y., & Huh, E. (2010). Exploring Problematic Mobile Phone Use: Relationships Between Adolescents’ Characteristics and Mobile Phone Addiction. Conference Papers — International Communication Association, 1 Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2008). Adolescents’ Exposure to Sexually Explicit Internet Material and Sexual Preoccupancy: A Three-Wave Panel Study. Media Psychology, 11(2), 207-234. doi:10.1080/15213260801994238 Fioravanti, G., Dà ¨ttore, D., & Casale, S. ( 2012). Adolescent Internet Addiction: Testing the Association Between Self-Esteem, the Perception of Internet Attributes, and Preference for Online Social Interactions. Cyberpsychology, Behavior & Social Networking,15(6), 318-323. doi:10.1089/cyber.2011.0358 Sharma, V., Aymen, Dona, Nahida, Sabeeha, Yonten, & Rabia. (2013). A study to assess the pattern of use and the effect of online social networking on student nurses in a selected college of nursing in Delhi. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing,2(2), 63-67. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1503129451?accountid=10344 Leung, L., & Lee, P. N. (2012). The influences of information literacy, internet addiction and parenting styles on internet risks. New Media & Society, 14(1), 117-136. doi:10.1177/1461444811410406 SOFIAH SZ, ,SHARIFAH, ZOBIDAH OMAR, ,SITI, BOLONG, J., & NIZAM OSMAN, ,MOHD. (2011). FACEBOOK ADDICTION AMONG FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. Revista De Administratie Publica Si Politici Sociale, III(7), 95-n/a. Retr ieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1011279621?accountid=10344

Free Essays on Tire Recall

The Firestone Tire Recall Even after 88 deaths and 250 injuries attributed to defective Firestone’s tires, Firestone and Ford continue to point their finger at each other and refuse to be held liable. The question now is who is going to be held accountable and whether or not either company knew of the problems with the faulty tires even before it started to create this many issues. This liability issue has created one of the largest tire recalls ever and Firestone and Ford are being accused of knowing about the faulty tires. In his article in September’s edition of Newsweek, Kevin Naughton writes about what has become one of the biggest tire recalls ever. He tells a story about Lori Laurus who, on Labor Day 1986, had her Firestone tire shred off her Ford Explorer causing her sports utility vehicle to flip. According to Naughton, Ms. Laurus is disgusted with both Firestone and Ford for not immediately looking into the defective tire issue. Along with many others, she believes that Firestone and Ford have known about these defective tires for years now. According to Naughton, Firestone and Ford have started some damage control procedures by recalling 6.5 million defective Firestone ATX and Wilderness tires found primarily on Ford Explorers. Federal regulators suspect that these defective tires have led to deaths of 88 individuals in the US. Naughton also mentions that criminal charges are being considered against both companies in Venezuela. Regulators there accuse Firestone and Ford of â€Å"a conspiracy against the users of Ford Explorers† resulting in at least 46 deaths in Venezuela. According to Naughton, Ford did replace faulty Firestone tires in Venezuela months before the recall was announced in the US. His article also goes into detail about how many believe the companies have known about the faulty tires for years. Documents have been found showing reimbursement by Firestone to some consumers for the faulty ATX tires dat... Free Essays on Tire Recall Free Essays on Tire Recall The Firestone Tire Recall Even after 88 deaths and 250 injuries attributed to defective Firestone’s tires, Firestone and Ford continue to point their finger at each other and refuse to be held liable. The question now is who is going to be held accountable and whether or not either company knew of the problems with the faulty tires even before it started to create this many issues. This liability issue has created one of the largest tire recalls ever and Firestone and Ford are being accused of knowing about the faulty tires. In his article in September’s edition of Newsweek, Kevin Naughton writes about what has become one of the biggest tire recalls ever. He tells a story about Lori Laurus who, on Labor Day 1986, had her Firestone tire shred off her Ford Explorer causing her sports utility vehicle to flip. According to Naughton, Ms. Laurus is disgusted with both Firestone and Ford for not immediately looking into the defective tire issue. Along with many others, she believes that Firestone and Ford have known about these defective tires for years now. According to Naughton, Firestone and Ford have started some damage control procedures by recalling 6.5 million defective Firestone ATX and Wilderness tires found primarily on Ford Explorers. Federal regulators suspect that these defective tires have led to deaths of 88 individuals in the US. Naughton also mentions that criminal charges are being considered against both companies in Venezuela. Regulators there accuse Firestone and Ford of â€Å"a conspiracy against the users of Ford Explorers† resulting in at least 46 deaths in Venezuela. According to Naughton, Ford did replace faulty Firestone tires in Venezuela months before the recall was announced in the US. His article also goes into detail about how many believe the companies have known about the faulty tires for years. Documents have been found showing reimbursement by Firestone to some consumers for the faulty ATX tires dat...

Accidents at Home Essay Example for Free

Accidents at Home Essay Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA Haven't found the essay you want? Get your custom sample essay for only $13.90/page ? We’d all like to believe that our home is a secure, comfortable environment, but we tend not to notice that this very place holds the potential to become very dangerous. In fact, most accidents occur in and around our homes, with the consequences involving anything from minor abrasions to a fatality. Believe it or not, water one of our most valued necessities in life, can not only provide life but also take it. Young children are often the victims of this hazardous feature. All it requires is for the parents to look in the other direction and the next moment, a curious child can wander in the direction of the family swimming pool. An unsurprised toddler can easily fall into the pool and drown. Due to the alarming increase in infant deaths due to drowning, a change in council legislation now demands the presence of childproof fencing around all pools. However there is always the slightly older and more mischievous lot of children who have managed to overcome the barriers of the fencing around pools. As a result, child drowning cases have continued to occur. These numbers have led to a council initiative of childproof safety gates to be manufactured. This requires an adult to open these gates, ensuring parental supervision. In response to the broken bones and concussions that have occurred around pool areas due to older children and teenagers running and playing carelessly around the pool, there has been the further implementation of non-slip pool pavers and surrounds. Nevertheless water inside the home can also be the cause of various accidents, especially in the bathroom which often have wet floors. Wet tiles that may cause a soothing sensation under the feet on a hot day, can instantly become the source of harmful falls, for people of all ages. A slip on a wet floor can lead to bruises, a broken bone or even concussion. In order to prevent these incidents from occurring, households are being urged to make use of the vast array of non-slip mats and non-slip stick-on designs that can even add colour to assist the visually impaired elderly residents. As we age, the activity of our nervous systems tends to function at a lower rate, causing our bodies to react more slowly, so in the event of an accidental fall, the time taken for the brain to send out signals to alert the effectors is lessened as we age. When an elderly person falls, there is the potential for severe injuries because their fragile bones can easily be roken. To ensure their utmost safety, hand rails around the bath are becoming common. Furthermore as water is heated, the hot liquid and steam that results can cause severe scalding accidents that can inflict a single burn or a serious injury. This is especially true for the elderly, with their delayed sensory reaction times, because they can be under a hot shower for several minutes before realising that they’re burnt. As a result, water temperature regulators have been installed in hospitals and the homes of the elderly, in an attempt to minimise the burns caused by hot water. Children can also be subject to similar types of burns when left unsupervised for a moment in bathrooms. Being fascinated by the motion of a rotating tap, these young minds may find themselves running hot water long enough to accidently burn themselves. For this reason, there are childproof tap covers that prevent the tap from turning on, to prevent curious children from scalding injuries when handling hot water. In the kitchen, a slip of the hand is all it takes to cause severe third degree burns. Therefore community service advertisements appear from time to time on television and on the radio to inform people about the hazards present in the kitchen. Even the steam that arises from the kettle poses certain threats. Top-opening kettles posed a potential risk for steam burns on the hand, arm and face and as a result kettles have been redesigned to open and fill at the front, thereby directing steam away from the user. Microwavable food has also proved to be a problem, because when opening the packaging, steam rushes out quickly, causing steam burns. This is why, instructions on the packaging is now mandatory alerting people to delay the time before opening. By doing this, the steam is allowed to dissipate, greatly decreasing the risk of steam burns. Nevertheless, burns are not only the result of hot liquids, because household heating poses a major threat to those who reside in the home. Open fires were once a common source of heating in many households, however the alarming number of house fires caused by curtains or furniture igniting has increased public awareness and also initiated government actions. Thus pressure has been placed on manufacturers to produce burn resistant carpets and curtain material in an attempt to reduce the risk of a stray spark causing a house fire. In order to further minimise the risk of burn injuries from open fires, a ban on installing fully open fires has been passed through government, and slow combustion fires which are a safer alternative, are readily available in many retail stores. However, during cold nights, there is an urge to leave the heater on for the entire night. This action, and the increased use of nylon sleepwear, posed a major threat of house fires while the family was asleep. Consequently, several steps have been taken by the government to ensure the safety of all individuals while they sleep. For instance, sleepwear sold to customers must have the required level of flammability labelled, in order for them to make an informed decision and about avoiding unnecessary burns. The advancement of technology has also allowed for artificial intelligence to be implemented in heating appliances in the form of temperature regulators, causing the heater to either turn on or off in order to maintain the temperature of the room without the risk of overheating and causing a fire. There has also been the danger of accidentally knocking over a heater, especially by children or pets, and this has been responsible for severe burns or even a fatal house fire if the heater came in contact with the carpet and began to burn. However the use of cut-off switches in these portable heaters has greatly minimised the risk of burn injuries and house fires, as the heater simply stops working the moment its sensors realise that it has fallen over. Yet accidents involving electricity can involve more than just electrical heating because there are many appliances used on a daily basis in the average home. Even the simple toaster or hair dryer can cause severe injuries when not correctly handled. For instance when a wet hand decides to grab the nearby hair dryer, water can seep into the electric circuit causing various degrees of electric shock. In order to minimise the risk of this occurring, safety instructions have been attached to such appliances that highlight the dangers that can arise. The toaster is another classic example, where burns have occurred simply by sticking metal cutlery into the toaster in an attempt to remove a piece of toast. Safety instructions have therefore been stuck onto these appliances in order to make people think twice before performing harmful actions. Furthermore, community service advertisements have also been appearing, informing viewers on the dangers that household electrical appliances can pose. Because curious young children can unwillingly stick a finger or a fork into the holes of a power point, safety plugs for power points have been introduced onto the market. When inserted, they prevent easy access, reducing the risk of electrocution especially amongst the younger children. Most importantly, with vast areas of the modern home powered by electricity, the possibility can always arise for a circuit overload or shortage. However being completely engrossed in our busy lives, we tend to not notice, so circuit breakers have been introduced that instantly shut down all power to the house when a threat arises, saving people from serious injuries or even a fatal house fire. Even when electricity is not present, tools and implements also increase the chance of obtaining cuts and lacerations. The preparation of any dish requires the use of knives, peelers and sometimes graters, yet these are some of the many implements that can cause accidents. For instance, the knives when kept in a drawer can see unsuspecting fingers close over their sharp teeth, whilst searching for a particular item. The cuts that result from this incident can be severe and as a result knife boards and jackets have been designed to allow knives to be safely stored. As with knives, peelers and graters only require a slight slip or fumble to cause deep lacerations. Due to these alarming occurrences, manufacturers have improved the design of these implements to include firmer bases and safety blades, in an attempt to minimise any injuries they may inflict. Children are once again victims of the many implements in the kitchen, involving cutlery and scissors. Although they might consider such items to be enjoyable to play with, the number of cuts that have been inflicted has increased rapidly. This is why plastic cutlery and scissors have been produced to allow children to continue playing in a safer environment. Outside the house, there are a variety of tools that can inflict even worse damage. Garden tools can cause severe lacerations if carelessly touched or used, due to their sharp edges. For example, the saw with its sharp teeth can inflict severe cuts so to minimise the likelihoods of such injuries, safety packaging now accompanies these potentially dangerous products, allowing them to be stored safely. In the garden shed, specially padded gardening gloves are also found which help prevent unexpected cuts from thorns or sharp branches that are incurred while performing regular garden jobs. Besides the tools on the shed or garage shelf, there are a wide range of substances, some more dangerous than others. Apart from the cuts, bruises and burns that are inflicted from appliances and various activities around the home, the improper storage of such dangerous substances have accounted or the numerous incidents involving rushing young children to hospital. This may occur after children are attracted to the brightly, coloured tablets and consume them, thinking they are lollies. Similarly with liquids, unsupervised children can easily open and drink a colourful dishwashing liquid or shampoo, thinking it is cordial, but this can lead to serious vomiting and diarrhoea requiring medical attention. For this reason, childproof caps have been introduced on many dangerous liquids which require bo th motions of pressing down and twisting. To ensure the child’s safety when parents are busy, childproof cupboard locks have appeared in many homes, restricting children from accessing dangerous chemicals or medications. To further protect people from the dangers of overdosing or mixing pharmaceutical drugs in an unsafe manner, such as when a headache is so severe that a victim takes three different kinds of painkillers, it is now mandatory to label all substances with both safety instructions and medical advice if for example, a dangerous substance like weedkiller is absorbed, breathed or comes in contact with the skin. Bruises, broken bones, scalding and lacerations are just some of the injuries that can be inflicted on residents, in and around the home. Surely it is clear, that with the numerous cases of severe injuries, which occur in and around our homes every day, it is in fact a very dangerous place to be in. Accidents at Home. (2016, Nov 21).

Research Methods in Academic Accounting and Finance Assignment

Research Methods in Academic Accounting and Finance - Assignment Example The present paper has identified that academic research requires orderly analysis into the topic of study through different materials and resources for utter conclusions and actualities. Significantly, it is a requirement for personnel in the academic institutions to be conversant with the terms ‘research’ and ‘research methods or research methodology’; some people have experience in the area but even if one does not its part of all the courses and training. Relatively, everyone establishes that for effectual research, the right research methods should apply to make the best out of the study; moreover, they determine the kind of results one gets from their project or research topic (Remenyi 2011). The research methods one should implement depends on factors such as the topic of study, a period set aside for research, the target population and the results one expects to gather at the end. Today, there are multiple research methods especially in the academic f ield, each having its merits and shortcomings; however, it all depends on the factors mentioned above. The classification of these methods also has relied on particular aspects; normally, there are those methods that will take a lot of time and resources while others take a few hours or days with very minimal expenses for the researcher (Gill 2008). Some of the courses such as those involving social science require research methods that entail a lot of interaction among people but for pure sciences or accounting and finance, one has a vast scope and selection of the essential research methods.  Case Studies, interviews and use of questionnaires are among the most recommendable research methods for any academic study or research; all the same, it is a requirement for students to be conversant in their application, and if not, one has to acquire the necessary knowledge and skills. Most people argue that these methods are easy because of the common interviews on TV, case studies on b ooks or other literature, and the questionnaires from school and almost every institution. However, if one does not include a plan for implementation and management for any of these problems, the conclusions and results are inaccurate; moreover, a lot of time goes to waste.  

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example The appeal made by Jim Hightower in this article is replete with ample logical insights and arguments that cater to the logical faculties of the target audience and is rich in verifiable ethical claims that are aimed at arousing the ethical concerns and interests of the American consumers. The ethical credibility of the claims made by Jim Hightower is to a great extent established and reinforced by the character and professional credentials of the author. The target audience in particular and the readers in general can readily believe the claims being made by the writer as the character and qualifications of the writer evince much respect and credibility. Jim Hightower is indeed a very versatile American personality, who happens to be a radio commentator, public speaker, author and writer (Jim Hightower 1). Jim Hightower has spent much time and resources, protecting and safeguarding the rights of the American consumers, common folks, small businesses, working families and environment alists (Jim Hightower 1). Jim Hightower enjoys the honor of being twice elected Texas Agriculture Commissioner (Jim Hightower 1). Jim has written many books to further his cause and his works include Thieves in High Places: They’ve Stolen our Country and its Time to take it back, There’s nothing in the Middle of the Road but Yellow Stripes and Dead Armadillos, If the Gods has Meant us to Vote they would have Given us Candidates and Swim Against the Current: Even a Dead Fish can go with the Flow (Jim Hightower 1). Jim Hightower has been known for vociferously voicing the concern of the common American masses and consumers and his articles enjoy much public interest and following. So, even a cursory perusal of the article The Price of Cheap Goods does convince the readers that the writer that is Jim Hightower is somebody that deserves serious attention and interest. In the article, Jim Hightower successfully manages to come out as somebody who happens to be an authority on the subject being discussed and dealt with (Swearingen 122). The tone, matter and the research behind the details unraveled in the article are sufficient to convince the readers that the writer that is Jim Hightower is somebody who is worthy of interest and is likable (Swearingen 122). The professional background and credentials of Jim Hightower are sufficient to imbue the article with an aura of character and credibility. The tone and style adopted by Jim Hightower in the given article as conveyed by â€Å"It’s common to find child labor, sixteen hour days, constant exposure to lead and other poisons, wage rip-offs and other abuses in factories that stock the shelves of our stores and line the pockets of our corporate CEOs (Hightower 46),† does attract much credibility and trustworthiness on the part of the American consumers. In the given article, Jim Hightower inclusively resorts to verifiable logical means backed by

Case study, Sensible Life Products Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case study, Sensible Life Products - Essay Example for disinfectant products has been increasing steadily owing to the increased awareness from campaigns focusing on the importance of cleanliness and disinfection. Additionally, recent years have seen an increment in the number of infectious such as the avian flu thereby causing increased demand for disinfectants. This implies that there is a relatively large and ready market for SLP products. However, amid the rising demand consumers trends are changing in favor of products that consume minimum time possible. As such, it is recommended that SLP’s management consider organizations that are producing products that are easy to use and time saving such as wipes. This will ensure that benefect will retain its relevance in the market amid changing consumer trends. Additionally, market research shows that consumers are highly interested in learning about bacteria and germ protection. Furthermore, research studies shows that consumer preferences are changing in favor of environmental friendly products. As such, it is recommended that SLP channels more energy and resources into partners that have clear strategies of marketing benefect. Additionally, more importantly is a firm that will teach about the benefits of using environmentally friendly disinfectants such as benefect. However, this is seemingly difficult since a campaign promoting use of organic disinfectants would act against other products of most companies. Nonetheless, striking such a deal would ensure that benefect is still being produced and ensuring human health while simultaneously conserving the environment. Furthermore, disinfectants are regulated products hence the need to have a firm with extensive experience regarding the sale of regulated products. This implies the befitting firm to strike a deal with SLP was probably one already dealing with disinfectant products. Moreover, potential firms needed to have knowledge of the appropriate target market in which to sell the disinfectant products. This

Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS)

Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) V1.5 Equation for ns changed(Removed time) Changes are bolded Before Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) was developed, theoretical studies on high swirling confined turbulent flows can only be validated by conducting experimental studies. These experimental studies require long leading time and high cost. Now, with the help of CFD, researchers are able to study these complex flows in a much shorter time and with a lower cost incurred. Many experimental studies have been conducted on the high swirling confined turbulent flows but little has been done on the computational modelling. Most of these intricate flow simulations are accomplished at the expense of high computational cost methods such as Large Eddy Simulations(LES) and Direct Numerical Simulations(DNS). Thus, a lower computational cost alternative will be very helpful in the studies of high swirling confined turbulent flows. Thus, this project will be using the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) based turbulence models in ANSYS FLUENT to simulate the high swirling confined turbulent flows in two different test cases and the results validated with experimental data. The aims and objectives are discussed as follows: Aims and Objectives Aims To validate the accuracy of RANS based turbulence models for the simulation of high swirling confined turbulent flows. Objectives To simulate the high swirling confined turbulent flows using ANSYS FLUENT with different RANS turbulence models. To compare the numerical data from the simulations with the experimental data to validate the accuracy of the turbulence models. To understand the effect of the RANS turbulence models on the predicted results. Review of Confined Swirling Flows Confined swirling flow plays an important role in various engineering fields. For example, they can enhance the mixing process in the stirred tanks, improve the separation of particles in cyclones [1] and also increases the flame stability in gas turbine combustors. So, what is a swirling flow? A swirling flow is a flow where a swirl velocity that exists in the tangential direction other than the flow motion in the axial and radial directions. The swirl velocity of the flow plays a major role in the evolution and decay process of swirling flow motion but not the radial velocity of the flow as shown in a study by Beaubert et al. [2] A swirling flow consist of two types of rotational motion. A solid body rotation at the inner region near the centerline and a free vortex motion at the outer region. [14] Solid body rotation and free vortex motion respectively has its velocity directly and inversely proportional to the radius of the pipe at the centre of their axis of rotation as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Velocity profile of swirling flow in a pipe. [4] Confined swirling flow can then be categorized into subcritical and supercritical flows. A subcritical flow has a reverse flow at the exit and is very sensitive towards changes at the exit as shown experimentally by Escudier and Keller[11]. On the other hand, the supercritical flow has no reverse flow at the exit and is insensitive towards variation at the exit.[10] Subcritical flows are formed when the ratio of maximum swirl velocity to the averaged axial velocity exceeds unity was stated in a theory by Squire[12]. Review of Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) CFD is a methodology which is employed to study fluid flow using numerical analysis and algorithms to solve the governing flow equations. In the past, the field of fluid dynamics was made up of purely experimental and theoretical studies. CFD is considered the third approach in the studies of fluid mechanics and would complement the two existing methods. [5] The three main elements when implementing CFD are the pre-processor, solver and post-processor. The pre-processors task is to transform the input of a flow problem into a form that is suitable for the solver. During pre-processing, the geometry of the problem is defined and the flow domain is divided into smaller cells (meshing). The physical (eg: turbulence) and chemical phenomena that needs to be modelled are selected and the fluid properties are defined. Next, the boundary conditions are given to cells which interacts with the domain boundary. The solution to the flow problem is stored in the nodes in each cell. In the solver, the conservation equation containing the mass, momentum, energy and species is integrated over each cells. Then, the unknown variables of the equation are interpolated and substituted back into the equation. The solver then runs numerical techniques to solve the derivatives and flux in the cells. Lastly, the post-processor allows user to analyse the data obt ained by plotting graphs and observe the flow animation. [6] Review of Turbulence Flows All fluids in motion are governed by the conservation of mass equation and the Navier-Stokes equation. The latter equation relates the flow properties such as the velocity, pressure, density and temperature for a moving fluid. The conservation of mass equation and the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation (in Cartesian tensor notation) can be respectively written as Turbulence is shown to develop as an instability in the laminar flow through detailed analysis of the solutions for the Navier Stokes equation. [7]. In principle, Direct Numerical Simulation(DNS) can be used to simulate very accurate turbulent flow by solving the exact equations with the appropriate boundary conditions. However, it requires very large amount of computational power as this method has to represent all of the eddies from the smallest scale to the largest scale and the time step chosen must be small enough to resolve the fastest fluctuations. The turbulent eddies will be discussed in more detail in the next section. The two other methods that can be used to simulate the turbulent flows (with decreasing computational power and accuracy) would be the Large Eddy Simulation(LES) and turbulence modelling with Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equation (RANS). Basically, LES solves the governing equations partially as only the large eddies are solved using the governing equations and the filtered smaller eddies are modeled while RANS models the entire turbulence eddies and only the mean variables are calculated. For turbulence modelling, the minute details of the turbulent motion are not prioritized so only the average flow properties are solved. In a turbulent flow, the velocity field fluctuates randomly in both space and time. Despite the fluctuations, the time averaged velocity can be determined and the velocity field equation can be written as: () where is the time averaged velocity and is the fluctuating component in the velocity field. Other than the velocity, other flow properties can also be decomposed into its mean and fluctuating parts. In our simulations, the flow is assumed to be steady, have constant density and axially symmetric. Thus, the incompressible Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations (in Cartesian tensor notation) can be written as Where is the Reynolds Stress tensor, which is a component of a symmetric second order tensor from the averaged process. The diagonal terms are normal stresses while the non-diagonal terms are shear stresses. The Reynolds Stress can be understood as the net momentum transfer due to velocity fluctuations. This term also provided unknown terms to be equation and thus, more equations have to be found to match the number of unknowns to solve the equations. A straightforward method of generating equations would be to create new sets of partial differential equations (PDEs) for each term using the original set of Navier-Stokes equation. This can be done by multiplying the incompressible NS equations by the fluctuating property and time averaging them to produce the Reynolds-Stress equation. By deriving the Reynolds Stress term, we can identify what is influencing the stress term but the problem with this approach is that more unknowns and correlations were generated and no new equations are formed to account for these unknowns. [7] Thus, these unknown terms have to be modelled to close the equation before they can be used. Review of Turbulence Eddies The velocity field fluctuations in the turbulence flows are actually the eddies in the flow. The eddies moving pass an object generates the turbulence kinetic energy and the length scale of the eddies, are determined by the diameter of the object. As the large eddy break down into smaller eddies, the turbulence kinetic energy will be passed down and eventually dissipated due to viscous forces in the flow. Thus, according to the Kolmogrov scales, the length and time scale of the smallest eddies depends on the rate they receive energy from the larger eddies, and the kinematic viscosity,. It is also noted that the rate of turbulence energy received is equal to the rate of turbulence energy dissipated so, . The Kolmogrov scales shows the length and time scale of the smallest eddies to be and respectively. [8] These expressions can then be used to determine the length and time scale ratio between the small and large eddies. () () From the equations above, we can conclude that the large eddies are several orders of magnitude larger than the small eddies. Thus, even at a low Reynolds number, the time and length ratio between the small and large eddies are significant enough to affect the number of elements and time step required to model the entire turbulent flow. Therefore, instead of solving all the eddies, turbulence modelling is required to reduce the amount of computational cost of CFD. Summary The understanding of the motions of confined swirling flows and characteristic of the subcritical and supercritical flows will be useful when explaining the simulation results. Before the simulation results are obtained, it is also important to identify the basic steps of running any CFD simulations which are the preprocessing, solving and post processing. DNS solves the exact NS equation while LES solves the equation for larger eddies and models the smaller eddies. The process of solving the exact equations takes up a lot of computational power as it would need to represent the all the turbulent eddies involved and a suitable time step has to be chosen to resolve the fluctuations. When compared to DNS and LES, RANS turbulence modelling requires the least computational power as it does not solve the exact NS equations but instead, models the entire turbulence eddy and only solves the mean average variables. The low computational cost of RANS turbulence modeling is the primary reason why this project has chosen it to simulate the confined swirling flows. However, the accuracy of this methods requires validation, which is the aim of this project. The RANS turbulence models created will be based on the PDEs of the Reynolds stress as a guideline as it shows how the Reynold stress behave. Thus, the next section will elaborate more about the RANS turbulence models that will be implemented in this project. The main objective of the RAN based turbulence models are to model the (Reynolds Stress tensor) and provide closure to the RANS equation. The three main categories of the turbulence models are linear eddy viscosity models, non-linear viscosity models and Reynolds Stress Model(RSM). [9] There are three types of linear eddy viscosity models: algebraic models, one equation models and two equation models. They are based on the Boussinesq hypothesis which models the Reynolds stress tensor to be proportional to the mean rate of strain tensor, by a coefficient named the eddy viscosity,. This infers that the turbulence flow field acts similarly to a laminar flow field. [10] (5) The second term of the right hand side of the equation above is required when solving turbulence models that needs to calculate the turbulent kinetic energy, k from the transport equations. The equation for k is half the trace of the Reynolds Stress tensor. For the algebraic turbulence models, no additional PDE equations are created to describe the transport of the turbulent flux and the solutions are calculated directly from the flow variables. An algebraic relation is used as closure based on the mixing length theory. The mixing length theory states that the eddy viscosity have to vary with the distance from the wall. However, the problem with these equations are that they do not account for the effects of turbulence history. In order to improve the turbulent flow predictions, an additional transport equation for k is solved which will replace the velocity scale and include the effects of turbulence flow history. For one and two-equation models, the modeled k equation is involved thus discussion on the exact k equation will first be done. The exact k equation is a PDE derived by multiplying the incompressible NS equations with , averaging it and multiply with . The exact k PDE equation obtained is The left hand side(LHS) terms are the material derivative of k which gives the rate of change of turbulent kinetic energy. The first term on the right hand side(RHS) is the production term and represents the turbulent kinetic energy that an eddy will gain due to the mean flow strain rate. The second term on the RHS represents the dissipation term which meant the rate at which the kinetic energy of the smallest turbulent eddy being transferred into thermal energy due to the work done by the fluctuating strain rate against the fluctuating viscous stresses. The third term on the RHS is the diffusion term which represents the diffusion of turbulent energy by molecular motion. The last term of the RHS is the pressure-strain term which signifies the tendency to redistribute the kinetic energy in the flow due to the turbulent and pressure fluctuations. In order to close and solve the k equation, the Reynolds Stress, dissipation, diffusion and pressure-strain term has to be specified. For the Reynolds Stress term, it is already mentioned at the beginning that it is based on the Boussinesq hypothesis. The eddy viscosity, is modelled similarly to how it was done for the algebraic models Where is a constant, the length scale of turbulence eddies, is similar the mixing length and velocity scale of the turbulence eddies is replaced by the square root of the turbulence kinetic energy, k. The equation above is an isotropic relation which means that it is assumed that the momentum transport is the same in all direction at any point. Next, the dissipation term is modelled based on the assumption that the rate of turbulence energy received is equal to the rate of turbulence energy dissipated. Thus, we can write the equation and since the equation is homogenous, it can be characterized by the length and velocity scale of turbulence eddies giving Where is a constant. For the diffusion and pressure-strain term, the sum is modelled based on the gradient diffusion transport mechanism as there is the pressure-strain term is small for incompressible flows. The gradient transport mechanism implies that there is a flux of k down the gradient. It is to help ensure that the solutions are smooth and a boundary condition can be applied on k when k is in the boundary. There is no Therefore, the equation shows Where is the turbulent Prandtl number and is normally equal to one. -not completed will talk about the modeled turbulent kinetic energy in one equation spalart allmaras -will talk about dissipation part for 2 equation model in k-e This test case is chosen because the flow was mapped and documented in detail as So et al was able to measure and document the flow in detail using a Laser Doppler Velocimetry(LDV) at 10 axial stations up to 40d downstream. Thus, the validation of the accuracy of the RANS turbulence models on confined high swirling flow can be done. Description of Test Case The flow consists of an annular high swirling stream projected into a pipe of uniform radius, R = 62.5mm with a central non-swirling jet of diameter, d = 8.7mm. The swirl number, S of the flow is calculated with Where U is the axial velocity and W is the swirl velocity. The swirl number just downstream of the swirl generator is approximately 2.25 which indicates that it is a high swirling flow and will cause an adverse pressure gradient at the centreline. The purpose of the non-swirling jet was to delay the occurrence of reverse flow due to the adverse pressure gradient along the centreline from 12d to 40d downstream from the inlet. Geometry (Computational Domain) The confined swirling flow in this case is a subcitical flow according to the rule of thumb of Squire mentioned in Section x. Thus, two different computational domains were used for the simulation of the flow to check if the exit geometry will affect the swirling flow simulated. Figure 2 (temporary figure) The first computational domain is the complete geometry of the pipe which consist of the computational inlet at x/d =1 and the constriction of 0.75R from x/d = 70 to the computational outlet at x/d = 90. The second computational domain is a cut off from the first domain at x/d = 55 where the constriction is removed. Meshing -have not completed it. Will be updated in the next revision. Boundary Conditions Inlet The inlet experimental measurements for the axial and tangential velocity and stresses are provided. However, the radial velocity component was not measured and is set to 0 rad/s. The radial stress is also not measured and was set equal to the tangential stress, whereas the three shear stresses are assumed to be zero. < graphs of prescribed to be added> Outlet Conditions at the outlet are not known prior to solving the flow problem. No conditions are defined at the outflow boundaries as ANSYS FLUENT will extrapolate the required information from the interior. It is assumed that the flow is fully developed at the exit end thus the outflow boundary condition is used. (dphi/dx|exit = 0) Wall The no slip condition is applied.